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Data Visualization

Chapter 3. Data Visualization in R

Iñaki Úcar

Department of Statistics | uc3m-Santander Big Data Institute

Master in Computational Social Science

Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 4.0 Last generated: 2023-01-25

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Directory of Visualizations

Based on The R Graph Gallery

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Part of a Whole

< Contents

Grouped and Stacked barplot Treemap Doughnut Pie chart Dendrogram Circular packing


  • Visualization of proportions
  • Some charts are also able to convey hierarchies
  • Some are rarely appropriate
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Part of a Whole Stacked barplot

< Contents

mpg |>
  count(drv, class, name="count") |>
ggplot() +
  aes(count, reorder(class, count, sum)) +
  geom_col(aes(fill=drv)) +
  labs(y=NULL) +
  theme(legend.position="top")

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Part of a Whole Stacked barplot

< Contents

mpg |>
  count(drv, class, name="count") |>
  group_by(class) |>
  mutate(prop = count / sum(count)) |>
ggplot() +
  aes(prop, reorder(class, count, sum)) +
  geom_col(aes(fill=drv)) +
  labs(y=NULL) +
  theme(legend.position="top")

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Part of a Whole Stacked barplot

< Contents

mpg |>
  count(drv, class, name="count") |>
  group_by(class) |>
  mutate(prop = count / sum(count)) |>
ggplot() +
  aes(prop, reorder(class, count, sum)) +
  geom_col(aes(fill=drv)) +
  scale_x_continuous(
    label=scales::percent) +
  labs(y=NULL) +
  theme(legend.position="top")

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Part of a Whole Pie chart

< Contents

data.frame(
  category=c("A", "B", "C"),
  prop=c(0.1, 0.6, 0.3)) |>
ggplot() +
  aes(1, prop) +
  geom_col(aes(fill=category))

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Part of a Whole Pie chart

< Contents

data.frame(
  category=c("A", "B", "C"),
  prop=c(0.1, 0.6, 0.3)) |>
ggplot() +
  aes(1, prop) +
  geom_col(aes(fill=category)) +
  coord_polar(theta="y") +
  theme_void(base_size=16)

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Part of a Whole Doughnut

< Contents

data.frame(
  category=c("A", "B", "C"),
  prop=c(0.1, 0.6, 0.3)) |>
ggplot() +
  aes(1, prop) +
  geom_col(aes(fill=category)) +
  xlim(c(-0.5, 1.5))

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Part of a Whole Doughnut

< Contents

data.frame(
  category=c("A", "B", "C"),
  prop=c(0.1, 0.6, 0.3)) |>
ggplot() +
  aes(1, prop) +
  geom_col(aes(fill=category)) +
  xlim(c(-0.5, 1.5)) +
  coord_polar(theta="y") +
  theme_void(base_size=16)

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Part of a Whole Circular packing

< Contents

library(packcircles)
df <- mpg |>
  count(class, name="count")
df <- cbind(df, circleProgressiveLayout(
  df$count, sizetype="area"))
ggplot(df) +
  aes(x0=x, y0=y, r=radius) +
  ggforce::geom_circle()

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Part of a Whole Circular packing

< Contents

library(packcircles)
df <- mpg |>
  count(class, name="count")
df <- cbind(df, circleProgressiveLayout(
  df$count, sizetype="area"))
ggplot(df) +
  aes(x0=x, y0=y, r=radius) +
  ggforce::geom_circle(aes(
    fill=class), color=NA) +
  coord_fixed() +
  geom_text(aes(x, y, label=class)) +
  theme_void(base_size=16) +
  theme(legend.position="none")

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Part of a Whole Circular packing

< Contents

library(packcircles)
df <- data.frame(
  x = c(0, 1, 0, 1),
  y = c(0, 0, 1, 1),
  radius = c(0.7, 0.5, 0.6, 1.2))
ggplot(df) +
  aes(x0=x, y0=y, r=radius) +
  ggforce::geom_circle() +
  geom_point(aes(x, y), color="red") +
  coord_fixed() +
  theme_void(base_size=16) +
  theme(legend.position="none")

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Part of a Whole Circular packing

< Contents

library(packcircles)
df <- data.frame(
  x = c(0, 1, 0, 1),
  y = c(0, 0, 1, 1),
  radius = c(0.7, 0.5, 0.6, 1.2))
df.new <- circleRepelLayout(
  df, sizetype="radius")$layout
ggplot(df.new) +
  aes(x0=x, y0=y, r=radius) +
  ggforce::geom_circle() +
  geom_point(aes(x, y), color="red") +
  geom_point(aes(x, y), df) +
  coord_fixed() +
  theme_void(base_size=16) +
  theme(legend.position="none")

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Part of a Whole Circular packing

< Contents

edges <- ggraph::flare$edges
vertices <- ggraph::flare$vertices
graph <- igraph::graph_from_data_frame(
  edges, vertices=vertices)
ggraph::ggraph(graph,
               layout="circlepack",
               weight=size) +
  ggraph::geom_node_circle() +
  theme_void(base_size=16)

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Part of a Whole Circular packing

< Contents

edges <- ggraph::flare$edges
vertices <- ggraph::flare$vertices
graph <- igraph::graph_from_data_frame(
  edges, vertices=vertices)
ggraph::ggraph(graph,
               layout="circlepack",
               weight=size) +
  ggraph::geom_node_circle(
    aes(fill=depth)) +
  scale_fill_viridis_c() +
  coord_fixed() +
  theme_void(base_size=16)

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Part of a Whole Treemap

< Contents

edges <- ggraph::flare$edges
vertices <- ggraph::flare$vertices
graph <- igraph::graph_from_data_frame(
  edges, vertices=vertices)
ggraph::ggraph(graph,
               layout="treemap",
               weight=size) +
  ggraph::geom_node_tile(
    aes(fill=depth)) +
  scale_fill_viridis_c() +
  theme_void(base_size=16)

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Part of a Whole Dendrogram

< Contents

edges <- ggraph::flare$edges
vertices <- ggraph::flare$vertices
graph <- igraph::graph_from_data_frame(
  edges, vertices=vertices)
ggraph::ggraph(graph,
               layout="tree") +
  ggraph::geom_edge_diagonal() +
  theme_void(base_size=16)

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Part of a Whole Dendrogram

< Contents

edges <- ggraph::flare$edges
vertices <- ggraph::flare$vertices
graph <- igraph::graph_from_data_frame(
  edges, vertices=vertices)
ggraph::ggraph(graph,
               layout="dendrogram") +
  ggraph::geom_edge_diagonal() +
  theme_void(base_size=16)

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Part of a Whole Dendrogram

< Contents

df <- hclust(dist(iris[, 1:4]))
ggraph::ggraph(df,
               layout="dendrogram",
               height=height) +
  ggraph::geom_edge_elbow() +
  theme_void(base_size=16)

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Part of a Whole Dendrogram

< Contents

df <- hclust(dist(iris[, 1:4]))
ggraph::ggraph(df,
               layout="dendrogram",
               circular=TRUE) +
  ggraph::geom_edge_elbow() +
  coord_fixed() +
  theme_void(base_size=16)

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Directory of Visualizations

Based on The R Graph Gallery

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