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Data Visualization

Chapter 3. Data Visualization in R

Iñaki Úcar

Department of Statistics | uc3m-Santander Big Data Institute

Master in Computational Social Science

Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 4.0 Last generated: 2023-01-25

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Directory of Visualizations

Based on The R Graph Gallery

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Correlation

< Contents

Scatter Heatmap Correlogram Bubble Connected scatter Density 2D


  • Visualization of the relationship between two variables
  • Two continuous, or two discrete, or mixed
  • Options to include a third one
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Correlation Scatter

< Contents

gapminder::gapminder |>
  filter(year == 1997) |>
ggplot() +
  aes(gdpPercap, lifeExp) +
  scale_x_log10() +
  geom_point()

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Correlation Scatter

< Contents

gapminder::gapminder |>
  filter(year == 1997) |>
ggplot() +
  aes(gdpPercap, lifeExp) +
  scale_x_log10() +
  geom_point(aes(color=continent)) +
  theme(legend.position=c(1, 0),
        legend.justification=c(1, 0))

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Correlation Bubble

< Contents

gapminder::gapminder |>
  filter(year == 1997) |>
ggplot() +
  aes(gdpPercap, lifeExp) +
  scale_x_log10() +
  geom_point(aes(color=continent,
                 size=pop)) +
  theme(legend.position=c(1, 0),
        legend.justification=c(1, 0))

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Correlation Bubble

< Contents

gapminder::gapminder |>
  filter(year == 1997) |>
ggplot() +
  aes(gdpPercap, lifeExp) +
  scale_x_log10() +
  geom_point(aes(color=continent,
                 size=pop),
             alpha=0.7) +
  scale_size_area(max_size=20) +
  theme(legend.position=c(1, 0),
        legend.justification=c(1, 0))

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Correlation Bubble

< Contents

gapminder::gapminder |>
  filter(year == 1997) |>
ggplot() +
  aes(gdpPercap, lifeExp) +
  scale_x_log10() +
  geom_point(aes(color=continent,
                 size=pop),
             alpha=0.7) +
  scale_size_area(max_size=20) +
  geom_smooth() +
  theme(legend.position=c(1, 0),
        legend.justification=c(1, 0))

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Correlation Bubble

< Contents

gapminder::gapminder |>
  filter(year == 1997) |>
ggplot() +
  aes(gdpPercap, lifeExp) +
  scale_x_log10() +
  geom_point(aes(color=continent,
                 size=pop),
             alpha=0.7) +
  scale_size_area(max_size=20) +
  geom_smooth(method="lm") +
  theme(legend.position=c(1, 0),
        legend.justification=c(1, 0))

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Correlation Connected Scatter

< Contents

gapminder::gapminder |>
  filter(year == 1997) |>
ggplot() +
  aes(gdpPercap, lifeExp) +
  scale_x_log10() +
  geom_point(aes(color=continent)) +
  geom_line(aes(color=continent)) +
  theme(legend.position=c(1, 0),
        legend.justification=c(1, 0))

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Correlation Connected Scatter

< Contents

babynames::babynames |>
  filter(name %in% c(
    "Ashley", "Amanda")) |>
  filter(sex == "F") |>
  filter(year > 1970) |>
  select(year, name, n) |>
  spread(key = name, value=n, -1) |>
ggplot() +
  aes(Amanda, Ashley, color=year) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_path() +
  scale_color_viridis_c() +
  theme(legend.position=c(0, 1),
        legend.justification=c(0, 1))

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Correlation Connected Scatter

< Contents

df <- babynames::babynames |>
  filter(name %in% c(
    "Ashley", "Amanda")) |>
  filter(sex == "F") |>
  filter(year > 1970) |>
  select(year, name, n) |>
  spread(key = name, value=n, -1)
text <- df |>
  filter(year %in% c(
    1972, 1980, 1984, 1987, 2012))
ggplot(df) +
  aes(Amanda, Ashley, color=year) +
  geom_path(arrow=arrow(
    angle=15, type="closed",
    length=unit(0.1, "inches"))) +
  scale_color_viridis_c() +
  geom_label(aes(label=year), text) +
  theme(legend.position=c(0, 1),
        legend.justification=c(0, 1))

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Correlation Scatter

< Contents

ggplot(faithful) +
  aes(eruptions, waiting) +
  geom_point()

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Correlation Scatter

< Contents

ggplot(faithful) +
  aes(eruptions, waiting) +
  geom_point() +
  ggside::geom_xsidehistogram()

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Correlation Density 2D

< Contents

ggplot(faithful) +
  aes(eruptions, waiting) +
  geom_bin2d() +
  scale_fill_viridis_c() +
  ggside::geom_xsidehistogram() +
  theme(legend.position=c(1, 0),
        legend.justification=c(1, 0))

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Correlation Density 2D

< Contents

ggplot(faithful) +
  aes(eruptions, waiting) +
  geom_hex() +
  scale_fill_viridis_c() +
  ggside::geom_xsidehistogram() +
  theme(legend.position=c(1, 0),
        legend.justification=c(1, 0))

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Correlation Density 2D

< Contents

ggplot(faithful) +
  aes(eruptions, waiting) +
  geom_density2d_filled() +
  ggside::geom_xsidehistogram() +
  theme(legend.position=c(1, 0),
        legend.justification=c(1, 0))

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Correlation Density 2D

< Contents

ggplot(faithfuld) +
  aes(eruptions, waiting, fill=density) +
  geom_raster() +
  scale_fill_viridis_c() +
  theme(legend.position=c(1, 0),
        legend.justification=c(1, 0))

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Correlation Density 2D

< Contents

ggplot(faithfuld) +
  aes(eruptions, waiting, fill=density) +
  geom_raster(interpolate=TRUE) +
  scale_fill_viridis_c() +
  theme(legend.position=c(1, 0),
        legend.justification=c(1, 0))

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Correlation Heatmap

< Contents

mtcars |>
  tibble::rownames_to_column("model") |>
  gather("key", "value", -model) |>
ggplot() +
  aes(key, model, fill=value) +
  geom_tile() +
  scale_fill_viridis_c(
    trans="pseudo_log") +
  labs(x=NULL, y=NULL)

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Correlation Correlogram

< Contents

mtcars |>
  cor(mtcars) |>
  ggcorrplot::ggcorrplot() +
  theme(legend.position="top")

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Correlation Correlogram

< Contents

mtcars |>
  cor(mtcars) |>
  ggcorrplot::ggcorrplot(
    hc.order=TRUE,
    outline.color="white") +
  theme(legend.position="top")

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Correlation Correlogram

< Contents

mtcars |>
  cor(mtcars) |>
  ggcorrplot::ggcorrplot(
    hc.order=TRUE,
    method="circle") +
  theme(legend.position="top")

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Correlation Correlogram

< Contents

GGally::ggpairs(iris)

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Correlation Correlogram

< Contents

GGally::ggpairs(
  iris,
  aes(color=Species)
)

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Directory of Visualizations

Based on The R Graph Gallery

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