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Data Visualization

Chapter 3. Data Visualization in R

Iñaki Úcar

Department of Statistics | uc3m-Santander Big Data Institute

Master in Computational Social Science

Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 4.0 Last generated: 2023-01-25

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Directory of Visualizations

Based on The R Graph Gallery

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Distribution

< Contents

Violin Density Histogram Boxplot Ridgeline


  • Visualization of one or multiple univariate distributions
  • Stacked versions are difficult to interpret and should be avoided
  • Some require fine-tuning of the parameters to avoid being misleading
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Distribution Histogram

< Contents

ggplot(mpg) +
  aes(hwy) +
  geom_histogram()

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Distribution Histogram

< Contents

ggplot(mpg) +
  aes(hwy, after_stat(density)) +
  geom_histogram()

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Distribution Histogram

< Contents

ggplot(mpg) +
  aes(hwy, fill=class) +
  geom_histogram() +
  theme(legend.position=c(1, 1),
        legend.justification=c(1, 1))

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Distribution Histogram

< Contents

ggplot(mpg) +
  aes(hwy) +
  geom_histogram() +
  facet_grid(class ~ .)

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Distribution Histogram

< Contents

ggplot(mpg) +
  aes(hwy) +
  geom_histogram() +
  facet_grid(
    reorder(class, -hwy, median) ~ .)

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Distribution Density

< Contents

ggplot(mpg) +
  aes(hwy) +
  geom_density()

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Distribution Density

< Contents

ggplot(mpg) +
  aes(hwy, after_stat(density)) +
  geom_histogram(fill="gray") +
  geom_density()

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Distribution Density

< Contents

ggplot(mpg) +
  aes(hwy, after_stat(density)) +
  geom_histogram(fill="gray") +
  geom_density(adjust=0.2)

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Distribution Density

< Contents

ggplot(mpg) +
  aes(hwy, after_stat(density)) +
  geom_histogram(fill=NA) +
  geom_histogram(fill="gray", bins=10) +
  geom_density()

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Distribution Boxplot

< Contents

ggplot(mpg) +
  aes(hwy, class) +
  geom_boxplot() +
  labs(y=NULL)

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Distribution Boxplot

< Contents

ggplot(mpg) +
  aes(hwy, reorder(class, hwy, median)) +
  geom_boxplot() +
  labs(y=NULL)

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Distribution Boxplot

< Contents

ggplot(mpg) +
  aes(hwy, reorder(class, hwy, median)) +
  geom_boxplot(outlier.color="red") +
  labs(y=NULL)

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Distribution Boxplot

< Contents

ggplot(mpg) +
  aes(hwy, reorder(class, hwy, median)) +
  geom_boxplot(outlier.color="red") +
  geom_jitter(height=0.2, alpha=0.5) +
  labs(y=NULL)

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Distribution Boxplot

< Contents

ggplot(mpg) +
  aes(hwy, reorder(class, hwy, median)) +
  geom_boxplot(outlier.color="red",
               varwidth=TRUE) +
  geom_jitter(height=0.2, alpha=0.5) +
  labs(y=NULL)

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Distribution Boxplot

< Contents

ggplot(mpg) +
  aes(hwy, reorder(class, hwy, median)) +
  geom_boxplot(aes(color=drv)) +
  labs(y=NULL) +
  theme(legend.position=c(1, 0),
        legend.justification=c(1, 0))

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Distribution Boxplot

< Contents

ggplot(mpg) +
  aes(hwy, reorder(class, hwy, median)) +
  geom_boxplot(aes(fill=drv)) +
  labs(y=NULL) +
  theme(legend.position=c(1, 0),
        legend.justification=c(1, 0))

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Distribution Boxplot

< Contents

ggplot(mpg) +
  aes(hwy, reorder(class, hwy, median)) +
  geom_boxplot(aes(fill=drv),
               varwidth=TRUE) +
  labs(y=NULL) +
  theme(legend.position=c(1, 0),
        legend.justification=c(1, 0))

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Distribution Violin

< Contents

ggplot(mpg) +
  aes(hwy, reorder(class, hwy, median)) +
  geom_violin() +
  labs(y=NULL)

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Distribution Violin

< Contents

ggplot(mpg) +
  aes(hwy, reorder(class, hwy, median)) +
  geom_violin(aes(fill=class)) +
  labs(y=NULL) +
  theme(legend.position="none")

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Distribution Violin

< Contents

ggplot(mpg) +
  aes(hwy, reorder(class, hwy, median)) +
  geom_violin(aes(fill=class)) +
  scale_fill_viridis_d() +
  labs(y=NULL) +
  theme(legend.position="none")

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Distribution Violin

< Contents

mpg |> mutate(
  class=reorder(class, hwy, median)) |>
ggplot() +
  aes(hwy, class) +
  geom_violin(aes(fill=class)) +
  scale_fill_viridis_d() +
  labs(y=NULL) +
  theme(legend.position="none")

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Distribution Ridgeline

< Contents

mpg |> mutate(
  class=reorder(class, hwy, median)) |>
ggplot() +
  aes(hwy, class, fill=class) +
  ggridges::geom_density_ridges() +
  scale_fill_viridis_d() +
  labs(y=NULL) +
  theme(legend.position="none")

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Distribution Ridgeline

< Contents

mpg |> mutate(
  class=reorder(class, hwy, median)) |>
ggplot() +
  aes(hwy, class, fill=after_stat(x)) +
  ggridges::geom_density_ridges_gradient() +
  scale_fill_viridis_c() +
  labs(y=NULL) +
  theme(legend.position="none")

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Distribution Ridgeline

< Contents

mpg |> mutate(
  class=reorder(class, hwy, median)) |>
ggplot() +
  aes(hwy, class, fill=after_stat(x)) +
  ggridges::geom_density_ridges_gradient(
    scale=1) +
  scale_fill_viridis_c() +
  labs(y=NULL) +
  theme(legend.position="none")

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Distribution Ridgeline

< Contents

mpg |> mutate(
  class=reorder(class, hwy, median)) |>
ggplot() +
  aes(hwy, class, fill=after_stat(x)) +
  ggridges::geom_density_ridges_gradient(
    scale=1, quantile_lines=TRUE) +
  scale_fill_viridis_c() +
  labs(y=NULL) +
  theme(legend.position="none")

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Distribution Ridgeline

< Contents

mpg |> mutate(
  class=reorder(class, hwy, median)) |>
ggplot() +
  aes(hwy, class, fill=0.5 - abs(
    0.5 - after_stat(ecdf))) +
  ggridges::geom_density_ridges_gradient(
    scale=1, calc_ecdf=TRUE) +
  scale_fill_viridis_c("Tail prob.") +
  labs(y=NULL) +
  theme(legend.position=c(1, 0),
        legend.justification=c(1, 0))

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Directory of Visualizations

Based on The R Graph Gallery

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